Nissan V For Sale

Nissan Motors From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Nissan" redirects here. For the Hebrew month, see Nisan. For other uses, see Nissan (disambiguation). Nissan Motor Company, Ltd. Nissan Jidosha Kabushiki-gaisha 日産自動車株式会社 Type Public (TYO: 7201; Pink Sheets: NSANY) Industry Automotive Financial services Engineering Founded December 26, 1933 Founder(s) Kenjiro Den Rokuro Aoyama Meitaro Takeuchi Yoshisuke Aikawa Headquarters Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (Officially registered in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa) Area served Worldwide Key people Carlos Ghosn (President and Co-Chairman) Toshiyuki Shiga (President and Co-Chairman, COO) Products Automobiles Outboard Motors Forklift Trucks Revenue ¥7.517 trillion / $80.92 billion FY 2009 [1] Operating income ¥ 311.6 billion / $3.35 billion FY 2009 [1] Net income ¥ 42.4 billion / $460 million FY 2009 [1] Employees 30,718 (non-consolidated basis) 175,766 (consolidated basis)[2] Divisions Infiniti NISMO Infiniti Performance Line Subsidiaries Nissan Forklift Nissan Marine Autech Website www.nissan-global.com Nissan Motor Company, Ltd. (Japanese: 日産自動車株式会社, Nissan Jidōsha Kabushiki-gaisha?) (TYO: 7201), shortened to Nissan, is a multinational automaker headquartered in Japan. It was formerly a core member of the Nissan Group, but has become more independent after its restructuring under Carlos Ghosn (CEO). It formerly marketed vehicles under the "Datsun" brand name and is one of the largest car manufacturers in the world. As of August 2009, the company's global headquarters is located in Nishi-ku, Yokohama. In 1999, Nissan entered a two way alliance with Renault S.A. of France, which owns 44.4% of Nissan while Nissan holds 15% of Renault shares, as of 2008. The current market share of Nissan, along with Honda and Toyota, in American auto sales represent the largest of the automotive firms based in Asia that have been increasingly encroaching on the historically dominant US-based "Big Three" consisting of GM, Ford and Chrysler. In its home market Nissan is the third largest car manufacturer, with Honda being second by a small margin and Toyota in a very dominant first. Along with its normal range of models, Nissan also produces a range of luxury models branded as Infiniti. The Nissan VQ engines, of V6 configuration, have been featured among Ward's 10 Best Engines for 14 straight years. The pronunciation of its name is different in different markets. In the U.S., the brand is pronounced /ˈniːsɑːn/, while in the UK it is /ˈnɪsæn/. In Japanese, it is [nisːaɴ]. Contents 1 History 1.1 Beginnings of Datsun name from 1914 1.2 Nissan name first used in 1930s 1.3 Nissan Motors founded in 1934 1.4 Nissan's early American connection 1.5 Relationship with Ford Motor Company 1.6 Austin Motor Company 1.7 Merger with Prince Motor Company 1.8 Foreign expansion 1.9 Trucks 1.10 Alliance with Renault 1.11 Expansion of Alliance to include both Daimler and Renault 2 Nissan Motor Co v. Nissan Computer Corporation 3 Recent news 3.1 Vehicle recalls 4 Environmental record 5 Leadership 6 Products 6.1 Automotive products 6.1.1 Electric vehicles 6.2 Non-automotive products 7 Global Sales Figures 8 Manufacturing locations 9 See also 10 Notes and references 11 External links [edit] History [edit] Beginnings of Datsun name from 1914 Nissan Model 70 Phaeton, 1938 Nissan headquarters in Nishi-ku, Yokohama The new car's name was an acronym of the company's partners' family names: Kenjiro Den (田 健次郎, Den Kenjirō?) Rokuro Aoyama (青山 禄朗, Aoyama Rokurō?) Meitaro Takeuchi (竹内 明太郎, Takeuchi Meitarō?). It was renamed to Kwaishinsha Motorcar Co. in 1918, and again to DAT Motorcar Co. in 1925. DAT Motors built trucks in addition to the DAT and Datsun passenger cars. The vast majority of its output were trucks, due to an almost non-existent consumer market for passenger cars at the time. Beginning in 1918, the first DAT trucks were produced for the military market. It was the low demand of the military market in the 1920s that forced DAT to merge in 1926 with Japan's 2nd most successful truck maker, Jitsuyo Motors. In 1926 the Tokyo-based DAT Motors merged with the Osaka-based Jitsuyo Jidosha Co., Ltd. (実用自動車製造株式会社, Jitsuyō Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?) a.k.a. Jitsuyo Motors (established 1919, as a Kubota subsidiary) to become DAT Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (ダット自動車製造株式会社, Datto Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?) in Osaka until 1932. In 1931, DAT came out with a new smaller car, the first "Datson", meaning "Son of DAT". Later in 1933 after Nissan took control of DAT Motors, the last syllable of Datson was changed to "sun", because "son" also means "loss" (損) in Japanese, hence the name "Datsun" (ダットサン, Dattosan?).[3] In 1933, the company name was Nipponized to Jidosha-Seizo Co., Ltd. (自動車製造株式会社, Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?, "Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd.") and was moved to Yokohama. [edit] Nissan name first used in 1930s First President Yoshisuke Aikawa in 1939 In 1928, Yoshisuke Aikawa founded the holding company Nippon Sangyo (Japan Industries or Nippon Industries). "The name 'Nissan' originated during the 1930s as an abbreviation"[4] used on the Tokyo stock market for Nippon Sangyo. This company was the famous Nissan "Zaibatsu" (combine) which included Tobata Casting and Hitachi. At this time Nissan controlled foundries and auto parts businesses, but Aikawa did not enter automobile manufacturing until 1933.[5] Nissan would eventually grow to include 74 firms, and to be the fourth-largest combine in Japan during World War II.[6] In 1931, Aikawa purchased controlling(?) shares in DAT Motors, and then in 1933 it merged Tobata Casting's automobile parts department with DAT Motors. As Tobata Casting was a Nissan company, this was the beginning of Nissan's automobile manufacturing.[7] [edit] Nissan Motors founded in 1934 In 1934, Aikawa "separated the expanded automobile parts division of Tobata Casting and incorporated it as a new subsidiary, which he named Nissan Motor (Nissan)". Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (日産自動車, Nissan Jidōsha?). The shareholders of the new company however were not enthusiastic about the prospects of the automobile in Japan, so Aikawa bought out all the Tobata Casting shareholders (using capital from Nippon Industries) in June, 1934. At this time Nissan Motors effectively became owned by Nippon Sangyo and Hitachi.[8] Nissan built trucks, airplanes, and engines for the Japanese military. The company's main plant was moved to China after land there was captured by Japan. The plant made machinery for the Japanese war effort until it was captured by American and Russian forces. From 1947 to 1948 the company was called Nissan Heavy Industries Corp. [edit] Nissan's early American connection DAT had inherited Kubota's chief designer, American William R. Gorham. This, along with Aikawa's inspiring 1908 visit to Detroit, was to greatly affect Nissan's future. Although it had always been Aikawa's intention to use cutting-edge auto making technology from America, it was Gorham that carried out the plan. All the machinery, vehicle designs and engine designs originally came out of the United States. Much of the tooling came from the Graham factory and Nissan had a Graham license under which trucks were made. The machinery was imported into Japan by Mitsubishi[9] on behalf of Nissan, which went into the first Yokohama factory to produce cars. [edit] Relationship with Ford Motor Company From 1993-2002 Nissan partnered with Ford to market the Mercury Villager and the Nissan Quest. The two minivans were manufactured with all the same parts and were virtually identical aside from several cosmetic differences. In 2002, Ford discontinued the Villager to make room for its Freestar and Monterey. Nissan brought out a new version of the Quest in 2004, which was designed in-house and no longer bore any relation to Ford's models. In 1992, Nissan relaunched its Terrano four-wheel drive, which was cosmetically and mechanically identical to the Ford Maverick. Both cars were built in Spain. Although the Maverick was discontinued in 1998 due to disappointing sales, the Nissan Terrano was a strong seller and remained in production until 2005, when it was replaced by the Nissan Pathfinder. [edit] Austin Motor Company Like Hino and Isuzu, Nissan partnered with an established European company to gain access to automobile and engine designs. Nissan chose Austin of the United Kingdom, which later became the British Motor Corporation by its merger with Morris et al. Nissan began building Austin 7s in 1930, though the legitimacy of their license at that time is debated. In 1952 Nissan Motor Company of Japan entered into a legal agreement with Austin ,[10] for Nissan to assemble 2,000 Austins from imported partially assembled sets and sell them in Japan under the Austin trademark. The agreement called for Nissan to make all Austin parts locally within three years, a goal Nissan met. Nissan produced and marketed Austins for seven years. The agreement also gave Nissan rights to use Austin patents, which Nissan used in developing its own engines for its Datsun line of cars. In 1953 British-built Austins were assembled and sold, but by 1955, the Austin A50 -- completely built by Nissan and featuring a slightly larger body with new 1489 cc engine—was on the market in Japan. Nissan produced 20,855 Austins from 1953-1959.[11] Nissan leveraged the Austin patents to further develop their own modern engine designs past what the Austin's A- and B-family designs offered. The apex of the Austin-derived engines was the new design A series engine in 1967. Also in 1967 Nissan introduced its new highly advanced four cylinder overhead cam (OHC) Nissan L engine, which while similar to Mercedes-Benz OHC designs was a totally new engine designed by Nissan. This engine powered the new Datsun 510, which gained Nissan respect in the worldwide sedan market. Then, in 1969 Nissan introduced the Datsun 240Z sports car which used a six-cylinder variation of the L series engine. The 240Z was an immediate sensation and lifted Nissan to world class status in the automobile market.[citation needed] [edit] Merger with Prince Motor Company In 1966, Nissan merged with the Prince Motor Company, bringing more upmarket cars, including the Skyline and Gloria, into its selection. The Prince name was eventually abandoned, and successive Skylines and Glorias bore the Nissan name. "Prince," however, is still used in the names of certain Japanese Nissan dealerships. Nissan introduced a new luxury brand for the US market in 1989 called Infiniti. [edit] Foreign expansion In the 1950s, Nissan decided to expand into worldwide markets. Nissan management realized their Datsun small car line would fill an unmet need in markets such as Australia and the world's largest car market, the United States. They first showed cars at the 1959 Los Angeles Auto Show and sold a few that year in the United States. The company formed a U.S. subsidiary, Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A., in 1959, headed by Yutaka Katayama. Nissan continued to improve their sedans with the latest technological advancements and chic Italianate styling in sporty cars such as the Datsun Fairlady roadsters, the race-winning 411 series, the Datsun 510 and the world-class Datsun 240Z, and by 1970, they had become one of the world's largest exporters of automobiles. Nissan GT-R In the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, consumers worldwide (especially in the lucrative U.S. market) began turning in rapidly increasing numbers to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand, the company built new factories in Mexico, Australia, Taiwan and South Africa. The "Chicken Tax" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported commercial vans.[12] In response, Nissan, Toyota Motor Corp. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the U.S. in the early 80s.[12] Nissan's initial assembly plant, in Smyrna, Tennessee, at first built only trucks such as the 720 and Hardbody, but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the Altima, Maxima, Xterra and Pathfinder. An engine plant in Decherd, Tennessee followed, and most recently a second assembly plant in Canton, Mississippi. In 1998 Nissan announced that it was selling one of its headquarter buildings to the Mori Group for $107.8 million.[13] In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe. After an extensive review, Sunderland in the north east of the United Kingdom was chosen for the local availability of a highly skilled workforce and its position near major ports. The plant was completed in 1986 as the subsidiary Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd. By 2007, it was producing 400,000 vehicles per year, landing it the highly coveted title of the most productive plant in Europe. Financial difficulties (approaching billions) in Australia in the late 1980s caused Nissan to cease production there. Due to the "Button Plan" the Australian operation was unique as the Nissan products were also rebranded both by General Motors Holden: Pulsar as the Holden Astra), and Ford: Bluebird as the Ford Corsair). In 2005, Nissan setup operations in India, through its subsidiary Nissan Motors India Pvt. Ltd.[14] With its global alliance partner, Renault, Nissan is investing $920 Million to set up a manufacturing facility in Chennai to cater to the Indian market as well as a base for exports of small cars to Europe.[15] Nissan sold nearly 520,000 new vehicles in China in 2009 in joint venture with Dongfeng Motor, and aims for 1 million in 3 or 4 years. To meet that target, Dongfeng-Nissan is expanding its production base in Guangzhou, which would become Nissan's largest factory around the globe in terms of production capacity upon completion.[16] [edit] Trucks 2006 Nissan Titan King Cab The Nissan Titan was introduced in 2004, as a full-size pickup truck produced for the North American market, the truck shares the stretched Nissan F-Alpha platform with the Nissan Armada and Infiniti QX56 SUVs. The Titan features a 32 valve 5.6 L VK56DE V8 engine which generates 317 hp, and is capable of towing approximately 9500 pounds. The Nissan Titan comes in four basic trim levels: XE, SE, Pro-4X, and LE. The trim levels are combinations of the features offered on the truck. It was listed by Edmunds.com as the best full-size truck. The Titan was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award for 2004. [edit] Alliance with Renault In 1999, with Nissan facing severe financial difficulties, Nissan entered an alliance with Renault S.A. of France.[17] Signed on March 27, 1999, the Renault-Nissan Alliance is the first of its kind involving a Japanese and French car manufacturer, each with its own distinct corporate culture and brand identity. The same year, Renault appointed its own Chief Operating Officer, Carlos Ghosn, as Chief Operating Officer of Nissan and took a 22.5% stake in Nissan Diesel. Later that year, Nissan fired its top Japanese executives. The Renault-Nissan Alliance has evolved over years to Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, while Nissan holds 15% of Renault shares which does not give Nissan a voting or board representation due to legal restriction in France. Under CEO Ghosn's "Nissan Revival Plan" (NRP), the company has rebounded in what many leading economists consider to be one of the most spectacular corporate turnarounds in history, catapulting Nissan to record profits and a dramatic revitalization of both its Nissan and Infiniti model line-ups. In 2001, the company initiated Nissan 180, capitalizing on the success of the NRP. The targets set with 180 were an additional sale of 1 million cars, achieving operating margins of 8%, and to have zero automotive debts. Ghosn has been recognized in Japan for the company's turnaround in the midst of an ailing Japanese economy. Ghosn and the Nissan turnaround were featured in Japanese manga and popular culture. His achievements in revitalizing Nissan were noted by Japanese Government, which awarded him the Japan Medal with Blue Ribbon in 2004.[18] The first product of the Nissan-Renault alliance was the Nissan Primera, launched in 2001 and shared chassis with Renault Laguna that had been launched in 2000. Subsequently, Nissan's Micra, Note and Versa models have shared the same mechanical design as the Renault Clio. [edit] Expansion of Alliance to include both Daimler and Renault On April 7, 2010, Daimler AG exchanged a 3.9% share of its holdings for 3.9% from both Nissan and Renault. This triple alliance allows for the increased sharing of technology and development costs, encouraging global cooperation and mutual development.[19] The alliance with Daimler is believed to have a focus on battery/electric technologies. [edit] Nissan Motor Co v. Nissan Computer Corporation In December 1999, legal action was instituted by Nissan Motors seeking $10,000,000 in damages from Uzi Nissan, president of Nissan Computer. In December 2002, Uzi Nissan was handed an injunction restricting his use of the Nissan name and the domains Nissan.com and Nissan.net which he owns. In 2004, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, allowed Nissan Computer to appeal the case, which resulted in reversal of some findings previously in favor of Nissan Motors.[20] On February 5, 2008, Final Judgement was entered for the case, with Nissan Computer being awarded costs and neither party prevailing.[21] Immediately following the ruling, Nissan Motors filed a trademark application for Computer Equipment in March 2008,[22] viewed by some as an attempt to acquire the domain through UDRP, an arbitration panel proceeding which often finds in favor of trademark holders. [edit] Recent news Current CEO Carlos Ghosn has been credited with reviving Nissan In 2010, Nissan released its own hybrid technology no longer based on Toyotas. Nissans hybrid technology is both less complicated and more efficient then Toyotas current hybrid technology. On April 7, 2010, Daimler AG exchanged a 3.9% share of its holdings for 3.9% from both Nissan and Renault. This triple alliance allows for the increased sharing of technology and development costs, encouraging global cooperation and mutual development.[19] The Nissan Note and Qashqai in the UK are both produced at their UK factory in Sunderland, Tyne & Wear. On January 9, 2009, it was announced that 1,200 jobs were to be cut at the Sunderland plant. The decision was blamed on economic reasons, including a downturn in the car selling market. Nissan's senior vice-president for manufacturing in Europe, Trevor Mann, said the company was "right-sizing our operations to the market demand."[23] Nissan also produces cars at its factory at Roslyn, near Pretoria, South Africa. Nissan North America relocated its headquarters from Gardena, California to Nashville, Tennessee in July 2006. A new headquarters, Nissan Americas, was dedicated on July 22, 2008, in Cool Springs (Nashville, Tennessee). Approximately 1500 employees work in the facility. On June 30, 2006, General Motors convened an emergency board meeting to discuss a proposal by shareholder Kirk Kerkorian to form an alliance between GM and Renault-Nissan. On October 4, 2006, however, GM and Nissan terminated talks because of the chasm between the two companies related to compensation to GM from Nissan. On May 17, 2006 Nissan released the Atlas 20 hybrid truck in Japan. It released a Cabstar hybrid truck at the 2006 Hannover Fair. The company's head office moved from Tokyo back to Yokohama in August 2009. On February 23, 2008 The Tamil Nadu state government (India) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with auto manufacturing consortium, Mahindra-Renault- Nissan to set up a production unit at Oragadam in suburban Madras. The consortium comprising Indian auto major Mahindra and Mahindra, Renault (France) and Nissan (Japan) will begin with an initial investment of Rs4000 crore to manufacture nearly 50,000 tractors every year other than cars, utility vehicles and spare parts. The project is expected to increase Tamil Nadu’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Rs18,000 crore annually while providing 41,000 jobs. Nissan began development of fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) in 1996 and launched limited lease sales of the X-Trail FCV in Japan in fiscal year 2003. In 2002, Toyota and Nissan agree to tie-up on hybrid technologies, and in 2004, Nissan unveiled the Altima hybrid prototype. [edit] Vehicle recalls On March 2, 2010 Nissan announced the recall of 540,000 vehicles to fix brake pedals and gas gauges. The brake pedal recall affects 179,000 vehicles in the US and about 26,000 in the Middle East, Canada, Russia and several other countries. Certain 2008 to 2010 Nissan Titan pickups, Infiniti QX56 and Nissan Armada Sports Utility Vehicles, and some 2008 and 2009 Nissan Quest minivans are being recalled.[24] Nissan also announced the recall of several models of trucks and SUVs, including 2004–2006 Armadas and Titans, 2005–2006 Infiniti QX56s, and Frontiers, Pathfinders and Xterras made in August 2003 and June 2006. The recall was made in response to a risk that the electrical relays in the engine control modules for those vehicles may fail, possibly rendering the engine inoperable. The recall affects about 2,200,000 cars worldwide. [25] [edit] Environmental record Nissan Leaf at the 2010 Washington Auto Show, where it was announced as winner of the 2010 Green Car Vision Award by the Green Car Journal. Prior to announcements about the Nissan Leaf, Nissan Motors has had no special environmental record, at least as perceived relative to its competition. This may change in the future owing to a new emphasis on the development, production and marketing of electric automobiles. Nissan is planning to sell electric cars in the US coastal markets by December 2010, and within the US interior by June 2011. The company claims its EV model, the Nissan Leaf, has a maximum speed of 90 mph (140 km/h) and can go 100 miles per charge. It is projected to take eight hours to charge the car fully. Nissan's car uses a lithium ion battery. The vehicle is intended for short distances, and is not meant for replacing traditional cars for long trips. As with other electric cars these products from Nissan won't emit pollutants from their exhaust. Any pollution involved in their operation would come from the production of the electricity needed to charge the car, depending on the type of power generation facility.[26] Nissan has chosen to develop 100 percent electric cars rather than biofuel or ethanol running cars based upon cost analysis.[27] On May 12, 2009, Nissan announced the company will produce EVs at its Oppama plant from fall 2010 with capacity of 50,000 units a year. Batteries for EVs will be supplied by Automotive Energy Supply Corporation, a joint-venture between Nissan (51%), NEC Corporation (42%) and NEC TOKIN Corporation (7%).[28] [edit] Leadership Presidents and Chief Executive Officers of Nissan: 1933–1939 Yoshisuke Aikawa 1939–1942 Masasuke Murakami 1942–1944 Genshichi Asahara 1944–1945 Haruto Kudo 1945 Takeshi Murayama 1945–1947 Souji Yamamoto 1947–1951 Taichi Minoura 1951–1957 Genshichi Asahara 1957–1973 Katsuji Kawamata 1973–1977 Tadahiro Iwakoshi 1977–1985 Takashi Ishihara 1985–1992 Yutaka Kume 1992–1996 Yoshifume Tsuji 1996–2000 Yoshikazu Hanawa 2000–present Carlos Ghosn [edit] Products [edit] Automotive products Older Style Nissan Logo. Main articles: List of Nissan vehicles and List of Nissan engines. Nissan has produced an extensive range of mainstream cars and trucks, initially for domestic consumption but exported around the world since the 1950s. There was a major strike in 1953. It also produced several memorable sports cars, including the Datsun Fairlady 1500, 1600 and 2000 Roadsters, the Z-car, an affordable sports car originally introduced in 1969; and the GT-R, a powerful all-wheel-drive sports coupe. In 1985, Nissan created a tuning division, NISMO, for competition and performance development of such cars. One of Nismo's latest models is the 370Z NISMO. Until 1982, Nissan automobiles in most export markets were sold under the Datsun brand. Since 1989, Nissan has sold its luxury models in North America under the Infiniti brand. Nissan also sells a small range of kei cars, mainly as a joint venture with other Japanese manufacturers like Suzuki or Mitsubishi. Nissan does not develop these cars. Nissan also has shared model development of Japanese domestic cars with other manufacturers, particularly Mazda, Subaru, Suzuki and Isuzu. In China, Nissan produces cars in association with the Dongfeng Motor Group including the 2006 Nissan Livina Geniss. This is the first in the range of a new worldwide family of medium sized cars and is to make its world debut at the Guangzhou International Motor Show. Nissan launches Qashqai SUV in South Africa, along with their new motorsport Qashqai Car Games. In 2010, Nissan created another tuning division,IPL, this time for their premium/luxury brand Infiniti. [edit] Electric vehicles Main article: Nissan electric vehicle Nissan will launch electric cars in Europe in 2010 with different business models in different countries.[29] Nissan Motor Co. has nearly completed development of a lithium-ion battery using a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode (NMC). The new system, which will reportedly offer almost double the capacity of Nissan/AESC’s current manganese spinel cell.[30] The new Nissan Leaf is expected to be marketed in North America, Europe, and Japan, beginning in late 2010. Nissan has announced it will manufacture the new Leaf compact electric car at its Sunderland plant in the UK. The annual production capacity will be 50,000 vehicles at Sunderland.[31] [edit] Non-automotive products Nissan has also had a number of ventures outside the automotive industry, most notably the Tu-Ka mobile phone service (est. 1994), which was sold to DDI and Japan Telecom (both now merged into KDDI Corporation) in 1999. Nissan also owns Nissan Marine, a joint venture with Tohatsu Corp that produces motors for boats and other maritime equipment. [edit] Global Sales Figures Calendar Year Global Sales 1998 2,555,962 1999 2,629,044 2000 2,632,876 2001 2,580,757 2002 2,735,932 2003 2,968,357 2004 3,295,830 2005 3,597,851 2006 3,477,837 2007 3,675,574 2008 3,708,074 2009 3,358,413 [edit] Manufacturing locations Data extracted from Nissan's international corporate website.[32] World locations of Nissan Motors factories Japan Oppama, Yokosuka, Kanagawa (Oppama Plant & Research Center) Kaminokawa, Tochigi (Tochigi Plant) Kanda, Fukuoka (Kyushu Plant & Nissan Shatai Kyushu Plant)[33] Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa (Yokohama Plant) Iwaki, Fukushima (Iwaki Plant) Hiratsuka, Kanagawa (Nissan Shatai Shonan Plant) Nagoya, Aichi (Aichi Machine Industry Atsuta & Eitoku Plants) Matsusaka, Mie (Aichi Machine Industry Matsusaka Plant) Tsu, Mie (Aichi Machine Industry Tsu Plant) Uji, Kyoto (Auto Works Kyoto) Ageo, Saitama (Nissan Diesel Motor, currently owned by the Volvo Group) Samukawa, Kanagawa (Nissan Kohki[dead link]) Zama, Kanagawa (Zama Plant closed in 1995, currently Global Production Engineering Center and storage unit for its historic models) India Oragadam, Chennai Brazil São José dos Pinhais, Paraná Indonesia Cikampek, West Java Iran Karaj, Tehran Malaysia Segambut, Kuala Lumpur Serendah, Selangor Mexico Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes Cuernavaca, Morelos Morocco Tangier, Tangier Med port (Under construction, Renault-Nissan plant) Egypt 6th of October City, 6th of October Governorate Pakistan Karachi, Sindh Philippines Santa Rosa City, Laguna South Africa Rosslyn Spain Barcelona Ávila Thailand Bangna, Samutprakarn Republic of China Taipei, Taiwan United Kingdom Sunderland, County Durham, North East England United States Smyrna, Tennessee Canton, Mississippi Decherd, Tennessee Russia St. Petersburg, Russia (Completion 2010) [edit] See also Tokyo portal Companies portal Japanese Car portal Autech Ashok Leyland Nissan Vehicles Nissan Diesel Nissan Group Datsun Renault Infiniti Jatco Dongfeng Motor Company Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel Company List of Nissan vehicles List of Nissan engines Nissan Proving Grounds Laurence Hartnett Project Better Place NEC Nissan Engine Museum Yokohama F. Marinos Carlos Ghosn Yutaka Katayama Nissan Stadium Nismo Yulon [edit] Notes and references ^ a b c http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/DOCUMENT/PDF/FINANCIAL/REFERENCE/CONSOLIDATION/2009/2009results_summary_124_e.pdf ^ NISSAN | CORPORATE INFORMATION | Outline of Company TOP ^ Cusumano page 33 ^ Cusumano pp 28 ^ Cusumano pp 28, 30, 33 ^ Cusumano pp 28, 30 ^ Cusumano pp 30. ^ Cusumano, page 37 ^ "Awful" (1935-01-21)- Retrieved 2007-06-11 ^ Cususmano ^ Cusumano, pp 90-92 ^ a b "To Outfox the Chicken Tax, Ford Strips Its Own Vans". The Wall Street Journal, Matthew Dolan, September 22, 2009. September 23, 2009. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125357990638429655.html.  ^ Shuchman, Lisa. "Nissan Will Sell Building in Tokyo To Mori Group for $107.8 Million." The Wall Street Journal. Friday September 25, 1998. Retrieved on March 8, 2010. ^ "Nissan - Corporate Information". Nissan.in. http://www.nissan.in/en/web/header/header_4385.htm. Retrieved 2009-12-04.  ^ "Nissan launches 2 new cars in India- Automobiles-Auto-News By Industry-News-The Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. 2009-09-16. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5019205.cms. Retrieved 2009-12-04.  ^ "Nissan’s Second Guangzhou Factory Breaks Ground". ChinaAutoWeb.com. http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/05/nissans-second-guangzhou-factory-breaks-ground/. Retrieved 2010-05-21.  ^ "Nissan Global". http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/COMPANY/ALLIANCE/index.html. [dead link] ^ 平成16年春の褒章受章者名簿 METI (Japanese) ^ a b "Daimler, Nissan and Renault announce three-way tie-up". BBC News. April 7, 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8606593.stm. Retrieved May 20, 2010.  ^ Case CV-99-12980-DDP United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit ^ Nissan.com Final Judgement ^ USPTO Trademark Application ^ "AUDIO: Nissan boss' message to workers". Sunderland Echo. http://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/Nissan-boss-39We-will-come.4860066.jp. Retrieved 2009-04-27.  ^ "Nissan recalls 540,000 vehicles to fix brake pedals, petrol gauges". 3 March 2010. http://gulfnews.com/business/general/nissan-recalls-540-000-vehicles-to-fix-brake-pedals-gas-gauges-1.591330. Retrieved 3 March 2010.  ^ Smith, Aaron (October 28, 2010). "Nissan recalling 747,000 vehicles in U.S". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2010/10/28/autos/nissan_recall/index.htm?hpt=T2.  ^ Vlasic, Bill (May 13, 2008). "Nissan Plans Electric Car in U.S. by '10". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/business/13auto.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&adxnnlx=1210997590-LUW7IgiiqGvDBB1BTBiESg. Retrieved May 20, 2010.  ^ Nissan bets on electric cars, not biofuels | Tech news blog - CNET News.com ^ "Nissan to build electric vehicles at Oppama Plant". Nissan. 2009-05-12. http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NEWS/2009/_STORY/090512-02-e.html.  ^ http://www.autonews.com/article/20090304/ANE02/903039915/1164 ^ "Report: Nissan On Track with Nickel Manganese Cobalt Li-ion Cell for Deployment in 2015". Green Car Congress. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2009/11/nissan-nmc-20091129.html. Retrieved 2009-12-04.  ^ New Statesman - Nissan to build compact electric car in UK ^ "Nissan Facilities Overseas". http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/COMPANY/PROFILE/EN_ESTABLISHMENT/index.html. Retrieved 2008-07-01.  ^ NISSAN SHATAI : Company History(1990-2009). Retrieved 16 April 2010. Cusumano, Michael A. (1985). The Japanese Automobile Industry. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-47255-1.  [edit] External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nissan Nissan Global website Nissan India website Nissan USA website Nissan Commercial Vehicles - North America Nissan All-Electric Car - Nissan Leaf Nissan/Infiniti News Room - Includes Detailed Model, Recall, and Bulletin Information v • d • e Nissan Motor Company Vehicles Current 370Z • Advan • Altima • Aprio • Armada • Atlas • Bluebird • Cabstar • Caravan • Civilian • Clipper • Cube • Dualis • Echo • Elgrand • Frontier • Freeson • Fuga • GT-R • Juke • Lafesta • Leaf • Livina Geniss • Maxima • March • Murano • Moco • Navara • Note • NV200 • NV400 • Otti • Paladin • Pathfinder • Patrol • Qashqai • Quest • Rogue • Safari • Sentra • Serena • Skyline • Teana • Tiida • Titan • Urvan • Versa • Wingroad • X-Trail • Xterra Past DC-3 • 100NX • 1200 • 210 • 310 • 180SX • 200SX • B10 • B110 • B-210 • 240SX • 240Z • 280ZX • 300C • 300ZX • 350Z • 510 • 810 • Almera • Almera Tino • Altra (EV) • Avenir • Auster • Bassara • Be-1 • Caball • Cablight • Cedric • Cefiro  • Cherry • Cima • Crew • Datsun Truck • Expert • Fairlady • Figaro • Gazelle • Gloria • Hardbody Truck • Hypermini • Homy • Interstar • Laurel • Leopard • Liberty • Mistral • Multi • NX • Pao • Pintara • Pino • Platina • Prairie • Presage • Presea • Primera • President • Pulsar • Pulsar GTI-R • R390 GT1 • R'nessa • Rasheen • Roadster-Road Star • S-Cargo • Saurus • Saurus Jr • Silvia • Sileighty • Skyline GT-R • Stanza • Stagea • Sunny • Terrano • Terrano II • Vanette • Violet • Concept 126X • 216X • 270X • 300 Bambu • 315-a • AA-X • Actic • AD-1 • AD-2 • AL-X • Alpha T • Amenio • AQ-X • AP-X • ARC-X • AXY • AZEAL • Bevel • Boga • C-Note • Chapeau • Chappo • Cocoon • CQ-X • Crossbow • CUE-X • Cypact • Duad • Dunehawk • Effis • ESV • Evalia • EV Guide II • EV Truck • FEV • FEV-II • Foria • Forum • Fusion • Gobi • GR-1 • GR-2 • GT-R • ideo • Intima • Jikoo • Judo • Jura • Kino • KYXX • Land Glider • LEAF • LUC-2 • MID4 • Mixim • mm.e • Moco • Nails • NCS • NEO-X • NRV-II • NX-21 • NV2500 • Pivo • Pivo 2 • Qazana • Redigo • Round Box • Serenity • Sport Concept • Stylish VI • Terranaut • Tone • Townpod • Trailrunner • TRI-X • URGE • UV-X • XIX • XVL • Yanya • Zaroot Engines Straight-3 HR Straight-4 A • BD • C • CA • CD • CG • CR • D • E • FJ • G • GA • H • HR • J • KA • L • LD • MA • MR • NA • QD • QG • QR • SD • SR • TD • YD • Z • ZD Straight-6 FD • H • L • LD • P • S20 • RB • RD • SD • TB • TD V6 VE • VG • VQ • VR V8 VH • VK • Y • VEJ30 • VRH35 V12 GRX-3 • UD12 • VRT35 Marques Nissan • Infiniti Tuners Autech • Impul • Nismo See also Datsun • Infiniti (division) • Prince • Renault (business alliance) • Nissan Shatai • UD Nissan Diesel • VVL • VVEL • dCi v • d • e Nissan road car timeline, United States and Canadian markets, 1980s–present Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Subcompact Micra 210 Sentra Sentra Sentra Sentra Versa Compact 310 Sentra Sentra 510 Stanza Stanza Stanza Altima Altima Leaf 810 Maxima Maxima Mid-size Altima Altima Maxima Maxima Maxima Full-size Maxima Maxima Sport compact Pulsar NX Pulsar NX NX 200SX 200SX 200SX 240SX 240SX Sports 280ZX 300ZX 300ZX 350Z 370Z GT-R v • d • e Nissan light truck timeline, North American market, 1980s–present Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Model year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Compact crossover Rogue Mid-size crossover Murano Murano Mini SUV Juke Compact SUV Xterra Xterra X-Trail Mid-size SUV Pathfinder Pathfinder Pathfinder Full-size SUV Armada Mini MPV Cube Compact MPV Stanza Wagon/Multi Axxess Minivan Vanette Quest Quest Quest Quest Pickup Datsun Truck Hardbody Truck Frontier Frontier Titan v • d • e Nissan car timeline, European market, 1980s–present Type 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Supermini Micra K10 Micra K11 Micra K12 Micra K13 Small family car Cherry N10 Cherry N12 Sunny B310 Sunny B11 Sunny N13 Sunny N14 Almera N15 Almera N16 Tiida C11 Large family car Stanza T11 Bluebird 910 Bluebird U11 Bluebird T12/T72 Primera P10 Primera P11 Primera P12 Executive car Laurel C31 Laurel C32 Maxima J30 Maxima QX A32 Maxima QX A33 Teana J31 Teana J32 Coupé Silvia S110 Silvia S12 200SX S13 200SX S14 Sports car 280ZX 300ZX Z31 300ZX Z32 350Z Z33 Mini MPV Note Compact MPV Prairie M10 Prairie M11 Almera Tino Large MPV Serena C23 Serena C24 Serena C25 Mini SUV Juke Crossover SUV Qashqai Qashqai+2 X-Trail T30 X-Trail T31 Murano Z50 Murano Z51 Terrano WD21 Pathfinder R50 Pathfinder R51 Off-roader Terrano II Patrol 160 Patrol Y60 Patrol Y61 Patrol Y62 v • d • e Nissan sportscar racers (1966–Present) Group 7 (1966–1970) R380 · R381 · R382 · R383 IMSA GTU (1979–1980) Nissan 280ZX IMSA GTO/GTS (1981–1995) Nissan 280ZX · Nissan 300ZX Group B (1982–1986) Nissan 240RS WSC / JSPC (1985–1992) 83G · R85V · R86V · R87E · R88V/C · R89C · R90CK/CP · P35/NP35 IMSA GTP (1985–1993) GTP ZX-Turbo · NPT-90 Le Mans (1997–1999) R390 GT1 · R391 Super GT (1993–2010) Nissan Skyline GT-R · Nissan Silvia · Nissan 350Z · Nissan GT-R · FIA GT1 (2010-) Nissan GT-R v • d • e Infiniti, a division of Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., road car timeline, 1990–present Type 1990s 2000s 2010s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Coupe M30 G35C G37C Entry-level G20 G20 G35 G25/G35/G37 Mid-size I30 I30 / I35 J30 M45 M35 / M45 M37 / M56 Full-size Q45 Q45 Q45 SUV EX35 / EX37 FX35 / FX45 FX35 / FX50 QX4 QX56 QX56 v • d • e Automobile industry in Japan Marques ASL · Daihatsu · Dome (Jiotto · Hayashi) · Duesen Bayern · Honda (Acura) · Isuzu · Kojima · Mitsuoka · Mazda (Amati · Autozam · Efini · Eunos · M2 · Xedos) · Mitsubishi Motors · Nissan (Datsun · Infiniti · Prince) · UD Trucks · Otomo · Subaru · Suzuki (Hope)  · Tommy Kaira · Toyota (Hino Motors · Lexus · Scion · Sigma · TOM'S) · Yamaha Association Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association v • d • e TOPIX 100 companies of Japan Core 30 7&i · Astellas · Canon · Honda · JFE · JR East · JT · KDDI · KEPCO · Komatsu · Mitsubishi Corporation · Mitsubishi Estate · Mitsui & Co. · Mizuho · MUFG · Nintendo · Nippon Steel · Nissan · Nomura · NTT · NTT docomo · Panasonic · Shin-Etsu · Sony · Sumitomo Mitsui Financial · Takeda · TEPCO · Tokio Marine · Toshiba · Toyota Large 70 ÆON · AGC · Asahi Kasei · Bank of Yokohama · Bridgestone · Chubu Electric Power · Daiichi Sankyo · Daikin · Daiwa House · Daiwa Securities · Denso · DNP · Eisai · FANUC · Fujifilm · Fujitsu · Hitachi · Hoya · INPEX · Itochu · JR Central · JR West · Kao · Keyence · Kirin · Kobelco · Kubota · Kyocera · Kyushu Electric Power · Marubeni · Mitsubishi Chemical · Mitsubishi Electric · Mitsubishi Heavy Industries · Mitsui Fudosan · MOL · MSIG · Murata · NEC · Nidec · Nikon · Nippon Oil · Nitto Denko · ORIX · Resona · Ricoh · Rohm · Secom · Sekisui House · Sharp · Shiseido · SMC · SoftBank · Sompo Japan · Sumitomo Chemical · Sumitomo Corporation · Sumitomo Electric · Sumitomo Metal Mining · Sumitomo Metals · Sumitomo Realty · Sumitomo Trust · Suzuki · T&D · TDK · Tohoku Electric Power · Tokyo Electron · Tokyo Gas · Toppan · Toray · Yahoo! Japan · Yamada Denki || Bourke v. Nissan Motor Co. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Bourke v. Nissan Motor Co. 180px Court California Court of Appeal-Second Appellate District, Division Five Full case name Bonita P. Bourke et al., v. Nissan Motor Corporation in U.S.A. Date decided 26 July 1993 Judge(s) sitting Douglas A. McKee Case history Prior action(s) Bourke v. Nissan Motor Co., No. YC-003979 (Cal. Super. Ct., L.A. Cty. 1992) Subsequent action(s) none Case opinions The court ruled that plaintiffs had no reasonable expectation of privacy, and therefore employer had right to monitor employee's E-mail and to terminate employees for using company E-mail system for personal use. Bourke v. Nissan Motor Corp., No. B068705 (Cal. Ct. App., July 26, 1993), was a California court case in which the Second Appellate District Court of the California Courts of Appeal upheld the original decision of the trial court in favor of the defendant, Nissan Motor Corporation, against the charges of the plaintiffs, who alleged wrongful termination, invasion of privacy, and violation of their constitutional right to privacy, under the California constitution, in connection with Nissan's retrieval, printing, and reading of E-mail messages authored by plaintiffs.[1] The court ruled that the employer had a right to monitor an employee's E-mail and to terminate employees for sending E-mail of a personal, sexual nature. California's Wiretap and privacy laws did not protect employees from employer monitoring. [2] The Court of Appeal designated this opinion "Not to be published" and it was not reported in the typical opinion reporters. Contents 1 Case Background 2 Opinion of the Court 2.1 I. Common Law Invasion of Privacy and Violation of Constitutional Right to Privacy 2.2 II. Violation of Penal Code Section 631 2.3 III. Violation of Penal Code Section 632 2.4 IV. Wrongful Discharge in Violation of Public Policy 3 Summary of Cited Court Cases 4 See also 5 References 6 External links [edit] Case Background Bonita Bourke and Rhonda Hall were hired by Nissan in June 1989, as Information Systems Specialists at an Infiniti car dealership, serving as customer service representatives for users of the internal computer system. In June 1990, a co-worker of plaintiffs, Lori Eaton, during a demonstration of the use of E-mail at a training session, randomly selected a message sent by Bourke to an employee of the dealership. Unfortunately, the E-mail contained non-business-related content of a highly personal, sexual nature. This incident was reported to management and many other messages containing personal content involving Bourke and her colleague Hall were later discovered. Following this, written warnings were issued to plaintiffs for violating the company policy prohibiting the use of the company computer system for personal purposes. During the annual performance review in October 1990, both plaintiffs had received rather low performance ratings (Bourke was rated “needs improvement,” and Hall was rated “unsatisfactory,” second lowest and lowest of six performance level, respectively). On December 28, 1990, plaintiffs filed grievances with Nissan's human resources department, complaining that the company had invaded their privacy by retrieving and reading their E-mail messages. A few days later, on January 2, 1991, Bourke was given a final warning notice requiring her to improve her performance, while Hall's employment was terminated. Based upon Nissan's actions in reviewing their E-mail messages as described above, plaintiffs sued Nissan for common law invasion of privacy, violation of their constitutional right to privacy, and violation of California's criminal wiretapping and eavesdropping statutes. They also brought a cause of action for wrongful discharge in violation of public policy (termination in retaliation for the filing of complaints objecting to Nissan's invasion of their privacy).[1] [edit] Opinion of the Court [edit] I. Common Law Invasion of Privacy and Violation of Constitutional Right to Privacy Regarding the application of common law vs. constitutional right, the court found that the constitutional right to privacy (stated in California Constitution, Article 1, section 1, "All people are by nature free and independent and have inalienable rights. Among these are enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining safety, happiness, and privacy") [3] is broader than, and encompasses, the common law tort of invasion of privacy (see Porten v. University of San Francisco, 64 Cal. App. 3d 825, 829 (Cal. Ct. App. 1976)), thus analysis and discussion was restricted to the constitutional claim. The critical issues in judging of the violation of an individual's constitutional right to privacy depends first on a determination whether that individual had a personal objectively reasonable expectation of privacy which was infringed (see Alarcon v. Murphy, 201 Cal.App.3d 1, 5 (Cal. Ct. App. 1988) and People ex rel. Franchise Tax Bd. v. Superior Court, 164 Cal.App.3d 526 (Cal. Ct. App. 1985)).[4] The court found that the employees had no reasonable expectation of privacy, citing the following undisputed facts: (1) Plaintiffs each signed a Computer User Registration Form, which states that "[I]t is company policy that employees and contractors restrict their use of company-owned computer hardware and software to company business." (2) The two had been aware for months that E-mail messages were, from time to time, read by individuals other than the intended recipient. (3) In June 1990, a full six months before Bourke's termination, fellow employee, Lori Eaton, had contacted Bourke to complain about the personal, sexual nature of Bourke's E-mail message which Eaton had retrieved for demonstration purposes during a training session at an Infiniti dealership.[1] Moreover, the fact that plaintiffs were given passwords to access the system and told to safeguard them did not move the court to find their privacy expectations reasonable (see Smyth v. Pillsbury Co., 914 F. Supp. 97 (E.D. Penn. 1996) [the employer's interest in preventing inappropriate communications over its E-Mail system outweighed any privacy interest by those employees who transmitted such communications][4]). In the absence of a reasonable expectation of privacy, there can be no violation of the right to privacy (see Alarcon v. Murphy, 201 Cal.App.3d 1, 5 (Cal. Ct. App. 1998)[5]) Therefore, the Court of Appeal held that plaintiffs' causes of actions for common law invasion of privacy and violation of the California constitutional right to privacy were properly dismissed on summary judgment. [edit] II. Violation of Penal Code Section 631 Penal Code section 631 prohibits a person from “intentionally tap[ping], or mak[ing] any unauthorized connection . . . with any telegraph or telephone wire, line, cable, or instrument, .. . or . . . read[ing], or attempt[ing] to read, or to learn the contents of any message, report, or communication while the same is in transit or passing over any wire, line or cable . . . .” [6] The court found that the statute does not apply to the facts of this case, since plaintiffs cited no authority to support their contention that section 631 covers the retrieval, printing and reading of E-mail messages which is not authorized by the author of the message. This decision is based on the fact that (1) There is no allegation that Nissan "tapped" into its own telephone lines, and indeed there would be no need to do so since, being the system operator, Nissan had access to the network without resort to a telephone line tap. (2) Likewise, as the owner and operator of the system, Nissan's connection to the telephone lines or cable which connected the system would necessarily be authorized. And (3) Nissan did not access the messages during transmission. Rather, the messages were retrieved from an electronic storage device and printed so that they could be read. Thus the Court found that Nissan's actions in retrieving, printing and reading plaintiffs' E-mail messages simply were not included within the actions proscribed by California Penal Code section 631.[1] [edit] III. Violation of Penal Code Section 632 The court found that section 632 (which prohibits the eavesdropping or recording of a "confidential communication by means of any electronic amplifying or recording device"[7]), does not apply in this case. The reason behind this decision is that: (1) the plain words of the statute simpl do not permit a finding that Nissan's conduct violated the law, as no amplifying or recording device was used to retrieve and read plaintiffs' E-mail messages. (2) section 632 proscribes only “the interception of communications by the use of equipment which is not connected to any transmission line” (People v. Ratekin, 212 Cal.App.3d 1165, 1168 (Cal. Ct. App. 1989) [8]), a circumstance not present in this case. [edit] IV. Wrongful Discharge in Violation of Public Policy In the absence of an agreement to the contrary, an employee may be terminated at-will, that is, for any reason or for no reason at all (see Foley v. Interactive Data Corp., 47 Cal.3d 654,665 (Cal. 1988) [9]). An employer may not, however, fire an employee for a reason which violates public policy (Ibid,; see also Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield, 27 Cal.3d 167, 178 (Cal. 1980) [10]; Petermann v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters, 174 Cal.App.2d 184, 188 (Cal. Ct. App. 1959) [11]). The court argued that a claim for wrongful termination in violation of public policy necessarily requires a violation of public policy; however, as concluded in section I., Nissan's actions in reviewing plaintiffs' E-mail messages did not violate their constitutional right to privacy. Therefore, the Court held that plaintiffs had failed to state a claim for wrongful termination in violation of public policy. [edit] Summary of Cited Court Cases Alarcon v. Murphy, 201 Cal.App.3d 1 (Cal. Ct. App. 1988): the court held that there is no reasonable expectation of privacy with respect to an individual’s criminal record because a criminal record is public information.[5] Smyth v. Pillsbury, 914 F. Supp. 97 (E.D. Pa., 1996): the court held that there is no reasonable expectation of privacy with respect to e-mails although the employer assured its employees that e-mails will be treated as confidential and would not be used as grounds for termination. [5][12] Foley v. Interactive Data Corp., 47 Cal.3d 654, 665 (Cal. 1988): in the absence of an agreement to the contrary, an employee maybe terminated at-will, that is, for any reason or for no reason at all. [9] Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield, 27 Cal.3d 167, 178 (Cal. 1980) [employee terminated for refusing to engage in price-fixing][10] and Petermann v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters 174 Cal.App.2d 184, 188 (1959)[employee terminated for refusing to commit perjury] [11]: an employer's general right to terminate an "at-will" employee is 'subject to limits imposed by public policy, since otherwise the threat of discharge could be used to coerce employees into committing crimes, concealing wrongdoing, or taking other action harmful to the public weal.' However, an exception to the general at-will employment presumption is made and a tortious wrongful discharge claim will lie where an employer's termination of an employee violates a fundamental public policy, or in other words, where "he or she is discharged for performing an act that public policy would encourage, or for refusing to do something that public policy would condemn. [13] [edit] See also E-mail privacy Internet privacy Federal Communications Commission Workplace Fairness Online Privacy Protection Act FTC Fair Information Practices [edit] References ^ a b c d Bourke v. Nissan Motor Corp., No. B068705 (Cal. Ct. App., July 26, 1993). ^ Perkins Coie LLP, Short Summary of Court's Decision, Digestible Law (July 26, 1993). ^ California Constitution ^ a b Mary E. Pivec and Susan Brinkerhoff, E-Mail in the Workplace: Limitations on Privacy ABA Human Rights Magazine, Vol. 26, No. 1 (Winter 1999). ^ a b c Rania V. Sedhom, A Workplace Privacy Odyssey:Office Manuals Are Growing In Epic Proportions, Privacy & Data Security Law Journal (May 2008). ^ California Penal Code Section 631 ^ California Penal Code Section 632 ^ Steven Winters, The New Privacy Interest: Electronic Mail in the Workplace, 8 High Tech. L.J. 197 (1993). ^ a b California Civil Jury Instructions ^ a b Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield, 27 Cal.3d 167, (Cal. 1980). ^ a b Elizabeth H. Murphy, Firing at Will LACBA (1999). ^ Smyth v. Pillsbury, 914 F. Supp. 97 (E.D. Pa. 1996). ^ California Employment Law - Wrongful Termination CA-Employment-Lawyers.Com. [edit] External links Inter Law - Email Privacy Legal Issues Involved in Monitoring Employees' Internet and E-mail Usage Building a Community Through Workplace E-mail: The New Privacy Frontier An E-Mail Espionage FAQ Workplace e-mail privacy from the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (Australia) Privacy Commission Privacy Google 'EMail Privacy' v • d • e Privacy Principles Expectation of privacy Privacy law Canada, USA, European Union, England Areas Consumer, Medical, Workplace Information privacy Law, Financial, Internet, Political, Personally identifiable information (Personal identifiers), Privacy-enhancing technologies Advocacy Organizations ACLU, Center for Democracy and Technology, CPSR, Future of Privacy Forum, EPIC, EFF, GNI, Privacy International, Privacy Rights Clearinghouse See also Anonymity, Data security, Identity theft, Surveillance (en masse, state), Human rights, Personality rights || Wired Home Subscribe Sections Cars 2.0 Culture Entertainment Gadgets Gaming How-To Med Tech Multimedia Politics Product Reviews Science Software Tech Biz Tech Jobs Wired Biz Inspired by You Wired Insider Blogs Autopia Danger Room Decode Epicenter Gadget Lab Game | Life GeekDad Playbook Raw File This Day in Tech Threat Level Underwire Webmonkey Wired Science All Blogs Reviews Automotive Desktops Digital Cameras Gaming Gear Home Audio/Video Household Media Players Mobile Audio Mobile Phones Notebooks Roundups Software/Apps Sports/Outdoors Tablets/eBooks Televisions All Reviews Video How To Magazine iPad RSS Feeds Politics : Law Who Gets to Drive Nissan.com? Mark K. Anderson 01.03.01 Despite the 2,000 domain-name disputes settled by ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) in the past year, there remains a cadre of dot-com squabblers who still prefer to duke it out the old-fashioned way: in the courts. Take the case of Uzi Nissan. This North Carolina-based software developer -- born with the brand names of those two wholly American lifestyle products, guns and cars -- has been operating his two-employee business through a website he set up in 1994. There's a car company, however, that has its eye on his prize. The Nissan v. Nissan lawsuit -- picture the acrimonious custody battle of Kramer vs. Kramer, but without the cute kid -- is now in the "discovery" phase, awaiting this month's decision on an appeal over a preliminary injunction issued and affirmed last March by the U.S. Ninth District Court. The injunction stated that, for the time being, Uzi Nissan could keep nissan.com running, but he'd have to display a prominent disclaimer that his site has nothing to do with the car manufacturer and his banner advertising could not include any automotive-related businesses. At the top of Uzi Nissan's site are the words, "Not affiliated with Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. For Nissan vehicles see 'NissanDriven.com.'" "As the court found, Uzi Nissan is 'selling confusion,'" said David Schindler, attorney for Nissan Motors, in an e-mail interview. "Thousands of people arrive at nissan.com everyday looking for Nissan, the car company, not Nissan Computer or Uzi Nissan. He generates revenue by diverting these people to numerous advertisers, including auto advertisers, who pay him per click-through." Yet, replies Uzi Nissan's lawyer Neil Greenstein, look at the other car-related domains out there. Dodge.com and plymouth.com are not owned by Chrysler; lincoln.com and mercury.com are not owned by Lincoln-Mercury; camaro.com and impala.com are not owned by Chevrolet. Nissan was long known in this country as Datsun. Just because a man has been using his family name for his business, and it happens to be the same as a car company's -- does not give that company the right to possess URL-space it decided it needed in 1999. "As (Nissan Motors) has learned different facts, they have turned around and revised their story to try again to make Uzi Nissan look like he has done something improper," Greenstein said. He pointed out that scores of non-automotive businesses around the country use the name Nissan -- a word which in Arabic translates to the month of April and in biblical Hebrew refers to the first month of the calendar -- and that more than 2,200 domain names containing the word Nissan can now be found on the Internet roll call. Furthermore, both Greenstein and Mr. Nissan are now looking into a 1992 lawsuit in which the shoe was on the other foot. They both noted that Nissan Motors was the defendant in a trademark lawsuit when the automaker introduced the Altima line of cars and an identically-named computer firm claimed infringement. If the car company's defense in 1992 was that Altima as a computer product and Altima as a brand of cars do not overlap, the defendants in Nissan v. Nissan can make a simple argument: As with "Altima," so with "Nissan." "From what we can tell until now, most likely it was settled out of court, but Nissan Motors asked for the file to be under seal," said Mr. Nissan of the Altima case. "Now my attorneys are taking it to the Illinois Federal court to try to have them open it, because it's relevant to our case. We just want to know what was their line of defense." Full Page | Page: 1 2 next> Stumble ShareThis See Also: What To Do With Domain Disputes? What To Do With Domain Disputes? Many Battles Behind ICANN's Scene Many Battles Behind ICANN's Scene TLDs Need Some TLC TLDs Need Some TLC Search Wired Related Topics: Politics , Law Email Article Full Page Comments AdvertisementWith HP wireless printers, you could have printed this from any room in the house. Live wirelessly. Print wirelessly. Sponsored by: Subscribe to WIRED Renew Give a gift Customer Service Services Subscription: Subscribe | Give a Gift | Renew | International | Questions | Change Address Quick Links: Contact Us | Login/RegisterLogout | Newsletter | RSS Feeds | Tech Jobs | Wired Mobile | FAQ | Sitemap Corrections | Sitemap | FAQ | Contact Us | Wired Staff | Advertising | Press Center | Subscription Services | Newsletter | RSS Feeds Condé Nast Web Sites: Webmonkey | Reddit | ArsTechnica | Details | Golf Digest | GQ | New Yorker Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement (Revised 8/28/2008) and Privacy Policy (Revised 8/28/2008). Wired.com © 2010 Condé Nast Digital. All rights reserved. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Condé Nast Digital. || Skip to content Sign In / Register My inbox Why Register? About Us Contact Us Help Home Manufacturers News Spy Shots Reviews Blogs Gallery Magazine Forum Shop Cars for Sale News Feed | Spy shotsYour spy shotsUpload your spy shotsSubscribe to CAR magazine Nissan models, news & reviews Related articles Nissan GT-R SpecV (2009) first pictures and video Nissan GT-R (2008) CAR review Nissan GT-R Spec V (2009) CAR review Nissan GT-R | Spec V | Reader spy shot Reader spots rare Nissan GT-R Spec V By Tim Pollard Your spy shots 09 June 2010 10:21 An anonymous CAR Online reader - let's call him Nick - spotted this Nissan GT-R Spec V on manoeuvres in the UK. 'This must be the only GT-R SpecV that will be in the UK,' said our snooper. Why is the Spec V so rare? Standing for 'Victory Specification', the top-dog GT-R is tuned up to the maximum. No mean feat when the regular GT-R is so feisty, but dumping the rear seats, adding carbonfibre here and there and tuning the mechancials is enough to liberate even more performance from the Nissan coupe. Sadly the slew of tech thrown at the Spec V roughly doubles the price of a GT-R in Europe. The GT-R is a bargain at £60k, but in serious supercar territory at double that. What shocked CAR's Ben Barry most when he drove it last year? The carbon brakes' outrageous £35k price. Maybe we'd better stick to that standard GT-R after all. 1 Rate this article... 1 2 3 4 5 Average rating: 2 (16 votes) Discuss this Add your comment Sign in You must be signed in to submit a comment. Reader spots rare Nissan GT-R Spec V Subject Your comment Please enter a comment Please enter a comment By submitting your comment, you agree to adhere to the CAR Magazine website Terms and Conditions Cancel Subscribe to comments You must be logged in to subscribe to a topic Login or register now LastonSunday says RE: Reader spots rare Nissan GT-R Spec V That looks like the back of a Nissan Dealer, look at all those Qashqai in the back ground. The tag line should read Nissan spotted at dealers! 10 June 2010 14:03 Become a CAR contributor Upload stories, photos or videos direct to the site, or email newsdesk@carmagazine.co.uk. Alternatively, call 01733 468 485 (+ 44 1733 468 485) Most popularMost ViewedHighest Rated + - Viewed Bugatti Veyron Super Sport spotted by CAR reader Mercedes M-class (2011): the new spy pictures + - Top rated CAR reader Goatboy recalls his errant Jezabel Porsche Boxster Speedster (2010) spy video Jaguar XF's interior (2008) Jaguar XF (2007) Ferrari F430 CS (2008) Volvo's 4x4 push (2008) Ford Fiesta (2008) replacement spied Volkswagen Touareg nip and tuck (2006) Jaguar XF scoop and video (2008) Honda Accord (2008) spied CAR launches new spy video section (2008) McLaren MP4-12C (2011): reader spy video Austin AR6 (1987) Ford Ka (2008) Aston Martin DBS (2007) Saab 9-4X and Cadillac BRX (2009): spy photos Kia Soul (2007) CAR reader Sven Teisen on his Mini cheap thrills Porsche Panamera (2009) caught in leafy suburbia Mercedes E-Class scooped (2007) Gordon Murray Design T25 city car: the scoop (2008) Saab's Mini rivalling 9-2 scooped by CAR Peugeot 308 CC (2009) Saab 9-5 (2009): the spy photos Aston Martin Rapide (2009) Become a CAR contributor Seen a secret new car, fabulous exotic or have news we should publish? Then get in touch now. Upload stories, photos or videos direct to the site Send an e-mail to newsdesk@carmagazine.co.uk Call 01733 468 485 (+ 44 1733 468 485) Terms of use | Privacy policy | Advertise with us | Site map | Resources | About Us | Contact Us | Help © Copyright 2010 Bauer Media Limited - All rights reserved. FHM | Zoo | Empire | MCN | Parker's | Today's Golfer || BrowseUpload Create AccountSign In Search Godzilla Battles Super Snake! - Nissan GTR Vs Shelby GT500 Super Snake Drag Race motortrend 411 videos Subscribe Subscribed Sign In or Sign Up now! Loading... Upgrade to Flash Player 10 for improved playback performance. Upgrade Now or More Info. close 922,750 Like Add to Share Embed Short URL HD URL Email MySpace orkut hi5 Blogger Live Spaces Bebo StumbleUpon Loading... This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. Sign In or Sign Up now! motortrend | December 07, 2009 | 1,426 likes, 274 dislikes Witness the ultimate monster battle, as Nissan's Godzilla faces off against S... motortrend | December 07, 2009 | 1,426 likes, 274 dislikes Witness the ultimate monster battle, as Nissan's Godzilla faces off against Shelby's Super Snake in an epic quarter-mile drag race.Shot By: Mike Suggett & Terren LinEdited By: Mike Suggett Category: Autos & Vehicles Tags: 2010 nissan gtr vs versus ford shelby gt500 super snake supersnake mustang drag race quarter mile 1/4 Link to this comment: Share to: see all Video Responses 1:01 Add to Added to queue2008 Shelby GT500 VS 2009 Nissan GTRby bigfrogy24,518 views 2:37 Add to Added to queueOFFICIAL - NISSAN TWIN TURBO GTR R35 SEXY COMME...by WichitaGTR26,162 views see all All Comments (6,375) Respond to this video... Sign In or Sign Up now to post a comment! superchargewhine 4 hours ago gay,  superchargewhine 4 hours ago 1vdn992 16 hours ago J.D. Power and Associates: Honda, Ford top U.S. customer brand loyalty Posted: Dec 10, 2010 Until this year, Mercedes-Benz has retained more customers than any other brand sold in the US. Well that is no longer the case, as Honda and Ford have vaulted past the German company to take the number one and number two spots, respectively. Though Honda took the top spot, it represents a jump of one spot, while Ford moved five notches ahead. 1vdn992 16 hours ago 1vdn992 16 hours ago “In recent years, domestic brands have achieved parity or even surpassed the performance of import brands in initial quality and new-vehicle appeal, and customer perceptions of these nameplates seem to be evolving accordingly. It will be interesting to see how the performance gains by domestic brands affect retention and conquest rates in the coming years.” 1vdn992 16 hours ago 1vdn992 16 hours ago WESTLAKE VILLAGE, Calif.: 9 December 2010 – New-vehicle owners are increasingly citing fun-to-drive vehicles as a top reason to remain loyal to their brand, while shifting away from expected resale value as a loyalty reason, according to the J.D. Power and Associates 2010 Customer Retention StudySM released today. Ford and Honda rank highest in a tie among automotive brands in retaining vehicle owners. Each brand retains 62 percent of owners. 1vdn992 16 hours ago 1vdn992 16 hours ago @Blueball0120 You somke what? 1vdn992 16 hours ago Blueball0120 19 hours ago @1vdn992 The Supersnake would get smoked by a GT-R on track! Blueball0120 19 hours ago 1vdn992 1 day ago @masonizere I don't know where you get your information from but i've got 11.9s for a 2011 GT-R and 10.8s with tires for a Super Snake. 1vdn992 1 day ago thegreatseal1991 1 day ago @masonizere I agree thegreatseal1991 1 day ago masonizere 1 day ago @thegreatseal1991 ITs how the car puts down the power. gearing helps also. masonizere 1 day ago masonizere 1 day ago @CobraSVT23 Well for your information best stock time GT500 super snake has got is 12.2 seconds 1/4 mile and thats with 720 BHP. GTR best time is 11.3. NO stock Mustang has no chance against a stock GTR. Even the Shelby GT500KR 1/4 mile 12.6s @ 119 mph and 11.58 @ 122 mph on drag radials with 600BHP thats poor performance. masonizere 1 day ago View all Comments » 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next Reply Block UserUnblock User Loading... Advertisement Suggestions 2:44 Add to Added to queueNissan GT-R Wins 2009 Motor Trend Car Of The Year!by motortrendFeatured Video183,294 views 5:36 Add to Added to queueDrag Race: 2012 Lexus LFA vs 2010 Nissan GT-Rby motortrend2,867,040 views 1:22 Add to Added to queueMuscleCar Tuner DragRace: HPE650/SuperSnake/Spe...by motortrend210,383 views 2:53 Add to Added to queueWhen Worlds Collide: Nissan GT-R Vs Bentley Con...by motortrend918,371 views 2:37 Add to Added to queue2009 Nissan GTR Top Speed Runby motortrend1,440,986 views 3:53 Add to Added to queueBugatti Veyron vs Nissan GT-Rby speedracer34411,323,185 views 5:05 Add to Added to queueHD : Nissan GTR vs Koenigsegg CCR Evolution Rac...by m5boarddotcom352,168 views 4:41 Add to Added to queueZR1 Smokes GT-R: Chevy Corvette ZR1 vs. Nissan...by InsideLineVideo4,008,104 views 7:22 Add to Added to queueAudi R8 V10 vs Nissan GT-R (english subtitled)by autoweek450,371 views 1:19 Add to Added to queue2010 Shelby GT500 Super Snake 700+HP!by josemolina2008557,754 views 2:39 Add to Added to queueZR1 Drag Race King - Spanks GTR, 599, and GT2by motortrend4,270,596 views 3:58 Add to Added to queueLexus LFA Spotted in Motion in Socal!by motortrend276,157 views 7:00 Add to Added to queueBugatti Veyron vs Mclaren F1 ---- the real Testby supercarshow699,911 views 0:12 Add to Added to queueC63 AMG vs Shelby GT500 Race 3by elperroon69,454 views 0:18 Add to Added to queueCorvette Z06 vs Shelby GT500 Race 2by elperroon193,595 views 3:12 Add to Added to queueShelby GT500 Crushes Camaro SS! - Drag Race Sho...by motortrend2,652,305 views 5:48 Add to Added to queueNissan GT-R vs. Scion tC Drift Carsby motortrend310,325 views 2:19 Add to Added to queueNissan GT-R SpecV Exclusiveby InsideLineVideo2,547,315 views 6:10 Add to Added to queueFifth gear. Bruno Senna compares Nissan GT-R v...by alex84nd544,877 views 5:32 Add to Added to queuePorsche 911 Turbo vs Nissan GT-R vs Audi R8 V10by autocar494,998 views Loading more suggestions... Load more suggestions This video has been added to your Favorites. This video has been removed from your Favorites. You dislike this video. Thanks for the feedback! “” results Loading... About Press & Blogs Copyright Creators & Partners Advertising Developers Help Safety Privacy Terms Report a bug Language: English Location: Worldwide Safety mode: Off Loading... Queue (0) Options Clear all videos from your Queue More information about this playlist Learn more Your queue is empty. Add videos to your queue using this button: or sign in to load a different list.Loading...Saving... Add to queue Sign in to add this to a playlist